The Impact of Health Entrepreneurship and Holistic Innovation on Public Health Optimization

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of health entrepreneurship and holistic innovation on public health optimization in Indonesia. Drawing on data from 100 respondents in 2024 registered with the Indonesian Healthtech Association (AHI) and supported by the Ministry of Health, a quantitative cross-sectional survey was employed. Primary data were collected through structured Likert-scale questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the Ministry of Health annual reports. Regression results show that health entrepreneurship significantly contributes to public health optimization (β = 0.398, p < 0.05), while holistic innovation exerts a stronger effect (β = 0.552, p < 0.01). Together, these factors account for 64% of variance in public health outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of entrepreneurial ecosystems and innovation-driven strategies for achieving sustainable and equitable health systems in Indonesia.