Inhibitory Effect of Insulin Leaf (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Extract on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Vitro

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus infection is a serious health problem, especially amid increasing resistance to antibiotic use. One alternative treatment is the use of natural ingredients such as insulin leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolius), which are known to contain active compounds with potential antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the ability of insulin leaf extract (Smallanthus sonchifolius) to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, as well as to determine the optimal concentration for maximum inhibitory activity. This study is an experimental laboratory study using a posttest control group design with the well diffusion method on MHA medium at extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%. The negative control used DMSO, and the positive control used clindamycin. The results showed that insulin leaf extract (Smallanthus sonchifolius) was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, with the inhibition zone diameter increasing with increasing concentration, where the 75% concentration produced the greatest inhibitory effect. ANOVA analysis showed significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). The insulin leaf extract (Smallanthus sonchifolius) was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro, with the greatest inhibitory effect at a 75% extract concentration.