Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: Case Report

Abstract

Acute gastroenteritis (GAE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries, especially in children under five years of age. This condition is characterized by acute diarrhea that can lead to severe dehydration and death if not treated appropriately. Effective management of GEA requires appropriate rehydration therapy, adequate nutrition, and rational use of antibiotics. This is an observational study with a case report approach conducted on a 2.5-year-old child patient hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. Data were collected qualitatively through clinical observations, therapy records, and laboratory test results. The patient experienced diarrhea up to six times per day, accompanied by vomiting and shortness of breath on the first day of treatment. Therapy included rehydration with KAEN 3B, antiemetics (ondansetron, domperidone), antibiotics (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and supplements. Symptom improvement began to appear on the second to third day of treatment, with decreased diarrhea frequency and stable vital parameters. Laboratory results showed the presence of bacteria without signs of parasitic infection. Management of acute gastroenteritis in children requires comprehensive management, starting with appropriate rehydration, symptom control, and rational antibiotic administration based on the etiology. Antiemetics such as ondansetron have been shown to be effective in supporting the success of oral rehydration therapy. Education regarding prevention and prudent antibiotic use is crucial to reduce resistance rates and mortality from acute gastroenteritis.