EFFECT OF BASIL LEAVES EXTRACT (Ocimum sanctum L.) ON BCL-2 PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN T47D BREAST CANCER CELLS

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women throughout the world. This disease is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in breast tissue. One of the molecular pathways that plays an important role in the development of breast cancer is the apoptosis pathway with a protein that prevents apoptosis, namely the BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) protein. Basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) are a plant that can be used as an alternative treatment for cancer because they contain secondary metabolite compounds that have anticancer activity. Therefore, BCL-2 is an important target in developing breast cancer therapy, and the use of natural ingredients such as basil leaves is the main choice for alternative cancer treatment with lower side effects. This study aims to determine the impact of basil leaf ethanol extract on BCL-2 protein expression in T47D breast cancer cells. The extract was obtained using the maceration method with 96% ethano solvent and to determine the effect of p53 and Bcl-2 expression, an immunocytochemical test was carried out. Bcl-2 expression is indicated by the binding between the Bcl-2 protein and the anti-Bcl-2 monoclonal antibody which is detected as a brown color in the cytoplasm and membrane of T47D cells. The results showed that basil leaf extract at a concentration of 103.36 µg/ml was able to inhibit Bcl-2 expression by 54,63 % and the positive control (doxorubicin) at a concentration of 10.13 µg/ml was able to inhibit Bcl-2 expression by 76.78%.